Andryala
Andryala notes
There's not much information on the web about Andryala; in the past A. integrifolia was given a very broad interpretation to cover a wide range of forms pending further work. According to PoWo, A. dentata and A. integrifolia overlap in Italy, so the following is an account from the 1982 Pignatti Flora ed 1, as Google Translation, and original (note the original uses a lot of abbreviations which may affect the translation, the work is now in edition 2) and also accounts from Posts's 1933 Flora of Syria and Palestine that covers A. dentata, and the 2016 Atlas of the Aegean, which synonymises A. integrifolia and A. dentata. I've opened with the latest and most useful I could find, being 2015 Ferreira et al. More information will be added in due course.
2015 Ferreira et al
In: "Tracing the evolutionary history of the little-known Mediterranean-Macaronesian genus Andryala (Asteraceae) by multigene sequencing" by Maria Zita Ferreira, Jaroslav Zahradníček, Jana Kadlecová, Miguel Menezes de Sequeira, Jindřich Chrtek Jr. and Judith Fehrer in Taxon , Vol. 64, No. 3 (June 2015), pp. 535-551.
The taxonomic delimitation of A. dentata has been very unclear; several authors suggested inclusion in A. integrifolia (Davis, 1975; Sell, 1976; Mouterde, 1983; Tohmé & Tohmé, 2007). Although A. integrifolia is a very common Mediterranean species, it is replaced by A. dentata in the East Mediterranean (Table 3). The contact zone of the two species is located in continental Italy and on Sicily and Pantelleria (Ferreira, unpub. results). Nonetheless, A. dentata is morphologically distinct from A. integrifolia (Table 2), and the present phylogenetic study supports this taxonomic point of view since A. dentata did not group with any Andryala species, including A. integrifolia, and was distinguished by most markers (Table 1).
Table 2 [extract]
A. integrifolia L.
• Upper leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, base rounded to cuneate
• Involucre usually stellate-tomentose
• All involucral bracts flat, not enfolding a floret
• Receptacle with usually long setae (1.7–)2–4.7 mm
• Ligules usually pale yellow, greatly exceeding involucral bracts
A. dentata Sm.
• Upper leaves ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, base rounded or subcordate
• Involucre slightly stellate-tomentose
• External involucral bracts involute, enfolding a floret, and purplish at the apex
• Receptacle with short setae 0.4–2 mm
• Ligules pale yellow, slightly exceeding involucral bracts
... In summary, our results show that A. integrifolia, A. laxiflora, A. arenaria, A. cossyrensis, and A. dentata do not form a monophyletic group and that the evaluation of the latter three at subspecific level proposed by some authors (e.g., Emberger & Maire, 1941; Pignatti, 1982) is not supported. Furthermore, their morphological distinctness (Table 2) and distinct distributions (Table 3) provide further support for their species status. In all phylogenetic trees (Figs. 1–3) there was no resolution within A. integrifolia. The ancestor of the MRG may have survived the last glacial and then rapidly colonized the entire Mediterranean Basin, diversifying into several species, including A. integrifolia. This extremely polymorphic species seems to have successfully occupied different habitats, currently occurring in almost the entire distribution area of the genus (Table 3). In addition, there are several records of new species published in the past which actually correspond to putative varieties of A. integrifolia (e.g., Coutinho, 1939; Dobignard, 2009). This seems to be also the case for A. atlanticola which morphologically resembles A. integrifolia when considering taxonomically important reproductive characters such as involucral bract convolution, receptacle indumentum, and ligule colour (Table 2).
1982 Flora d'Italia by S. Pignatti: Google Translation with some improvements
1. Annual; flower heads with peduncle and involucre generally glandular
2. Pale yellow flowers (sometimes streaked with red) protruding slightly from the involucre -- A. integrifolia [the accompanying illustration has the ligules protruding quite a lot]
2. Orange flowers, twice as long as the involucre -- A. rothia [subsp. dentata = A. dentata & subsp. cossyrensis]
1. Perennial; densely tomentose, without glands -- A. lyrata
integrifolia
T scap - ⊙ [Annual], 20-40 cm (!). Flowers striated, +- branched, yellowish-grey, pubescent. Lower leaves spatulate (1-2 x 5-9 cm), entire or sinuate (3-5 deep teeth, but obtuse on each side); cauline leaves progressively reduced and up to linear, +- entire, semi-amplexicaul, erect-appressate. Solitary flower heads (2.5 cm in diameter) at the apex of the arched branches; internal scales 7 mm; fi. 10 mm; achenes 2 mm with a pappus of 6-8 mm.
Variable - The basal leaves are very polymorphic: +- entire and serrated, or with 2-4 pairs of large, acute and opposite teeth, or even sinuate-lobed (this would be A. sinuata L., which represents only one individual state) and sometimes wavy on the edge; in the Marche, Southern Italy and Is. a gracile type rarely appears with prostrate leaves, linear leaves and smaller flower heads, known as A. tenuifolia (Tineo) DC. or as var. diffusa (Jan) DC.
Note - A poorly known group, whose variability would merit in-depth study. Discrimination from the following species is also often difficult, which has led several authors (including Fiori and more recently also Sell and West in Flora Europaea 4: 358) to group the two into a single polymorphic group. These are plants that live mainly in habitats of synanthropic origin and that have perhaps been affected, in their evolution, by the events caused by human action.
rothia
T scap - ⊙ [Annual], 20-40 cm. Similar to [integrifolia], but more elongated fi., included in the involucre only in the lower half; orange or golden colour.
A. rothia subsp. dentata (S. et S.) Pign.
branched above; lower leaves entire, toothed or with shallow incisions; upper leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate; grey tomentum with abundant glandular hairs. (=A. dentata S. et S.; A. integrifolia var. dentata Flowers). - E.-Medit.
A. rothia subsp. cossyrensis (Guss.) Maire
branched from the base; lower leaves deeply sinuate; upper leaves linear; greenish tomentum with few glandular hairs. - also reported in Sic., but not observed recently (= A. cossyrensis Guss.; A. tenuifolia var. Iyrata Guss.; A. integrif. var. Iyrata Flowers) - SW-Medit.-Sahar.
lyrata
Similar to [integrifolia], but leaves suffruticose, woody at the base; tomentum denser and floccose (as in certain Verbascum), but without glandular hairs; leaves generally spatulate, entire; flower heads few, spaced on elongated peduncles.
Note - This indication dates back to Soleirol, was accepted by Grenier et Godron in vol. II of the Flore de France (1853) and then taken up again in many subsequent works, however it seems that after Soleirol no one has seen this plant in Corsica again, so a supplementary investigation would be appropriate. The species is otherwise known for the Balearic Islands and the Or. Pyrenees, similar strains also grow in North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. It should not be confused with the homonymous [A. rothia subsp. cossyrensis] which is a different plant, living on Pantelleria.
2016 Atlas of the Aegean by Arne Strid
Andryala integrifolia L. - Map 394
Syn.: A. dentata Sm.
Greyish-tomentose annual with dense, stellate, eglandular hairs and longer, simple, glandular hairs. Stem(s) ascending to erect, 10-25 cm. Basal and lower cauline leaves oblanceolate, dentate. Ligules pale yellow, tinged reddish beneath. Achenes 1-1.5 mm, straight, blackish, with 8-10 conspicuous paler ribs; pappus of silky whitish hairs, deciduous.
A. dentata, illustrated on Plate 811 of Flora Graeca (1837), was described from the island of Milos and is probably conspecific with A. integrifolia, described from France and Sicily.
1933 Flora of Syria and Palestine, ed 2 vol 2, by Post
Andryala L. (1753) - Heads many-flowered. Involucre in 1 row, or with a few, minute, outer scales. Receptacle bristly or sometimes chaffy at margin. Akenes short, columnar-turbinate, tapering at base, 10-ribbed, truncate at tip, minutely toothed by the production of the ribs. Pappus caducous, bristles scabrous-plumose at base - Annual, whitish or rusty-woolly herbs.
A. dentata Sibth. et Sm. (1837) ⊙ [Annual] (iii. 879; H. ii. 245). - .3 to .5 [metres]; stem erect, loosely corymbose. Lower leaves obovate, repand, the rest oblong-lanceolate, dentate to pinnatifid, sessile, wi{th rounded base. Heads .01 long: involucre hispid. - May. Fields and sandy places. Leb. Ras-Beirut (PH).
[The accompanying illustration has ligules mostly little longer than involucre but an over-mature one longer]
1982 Flora d'Italia by S. Pignatti: Italian Original
1. Annue; capolini con peduncolo ed involucro generalm. ghiandolosi
2. Fi. giallo-pallidi (talora screziati di rosso) sporgenti di poco dall’involucro -- A. integrifolia
2. Fi. aranciati, lunghi il doppio dell’involucro -- A. rothia
1. Perenne; densam. tomentosa, senza ghiandole -- A. lyrata
integrifolia
T scap - ⊙, 2-4 dm (!). F. striati, +- ramosi, gri- gio-giallastri, pubescenti. Fg. inf. spatolate (1-2 x 5-9 cm), intere o sinuate (3-5 denti profondi, ma ottusi su ciascun lato); fg. cauline progressivam. ridotte e fino a lineari, +- intere, semiamplessicauli, eretto-appressate. Capolini solitari (diam. 2.5 cm) all’apice dei rami arcuati; squame interne 7 mm; fi. 10 mm; acheni 2 mm con pappo di 6-8 mm.
Variab. - Le fg. basali sono assai polimorfe: +- intere e dentellate, ovv. con 2-4 coppie di grossi denti acuti e opposti, o anche sinuato-lobate (questa sarebbe A. sinuata L., che rappresenta solo uno stato individuale) e talora ondulate sul bordo; nelle Marche, It. Merid. ed Is. si presenta raram. un tipo gracile con f. prostrati, fg. lineari e capolini minori, nota come A. tenuifolia (Tineo) DC. o come var. diffusa (Jan) DC.
Nota - Gruppo mal noto, la cui variabilità meriterebbe uno studio approfondito. Anche la discriminazione rispetto alla specie seguente è spesso difficile, il che ha indotto parecchi Autori (tra i quali Fiori e più recentemente anche Sell and West in Flora Europaea 4: 358) a riunire le due in un’unico gruppo polimorfo. Si tratta di piante che vivono soprattutto in habitat di origine sinantropica e che forse hanno risentito, nella loro evoluzione, delle vicende provocate dall’azione umana.
rothia
T scap - ⊙, 2-4 dm. Simile a [integrifolia], ma fi. più allungati, inclusi nell’involucro solo nella metà inf.; colore aranciato o dorato.
A. rothia subsp. dentata (S. et S.) Pign.
ramoso in alto; fg. inf. intere, dentate o con incisioni poco profonde; fg. sup. lanceolate a oblanceolate; tomento cenerino con peli ghiandolari abbondanti. (=A. dentata S. et S.; A. integrifolia var. dentata Fiori). - E.-Medit.
A. rothia subsp. cossyrensis (Guss.) Maire
ramoso dalla base; fg. inf. profondam. sinuate; fg. sup. lineari; tomento verdastro con peli ghiandolari scarsi. - segnalata anche in Sic., ma non osservata di recente (= A. cossyrensis Guss.; A. tenuifolia var. Iyrata Guss.; A. integrif. var. Iyrata Fiori) - SW-Medit.-Sahar.
Simile a [integrifolia], ma f. suffruticosi, legnosi alla base; tomento più denso e fioccoso (come in certi Verbascum), ma senza peli ghiandolari; fg. generalm. spatolate, intere; capolini poco numerosi, distanziati su peduncoli allungati.
Nota - Quest’indicazione risale al Soleirol, venne accolta da Grenier et Godron nel vol. II della Flore de France (1853) e ripresa quindi in molte opere successive, tuttavia pare che dopo il Soleirol nessuno abbia più rivisto questa pianta in Corsica, quindi una indagine supplementare sarebbe opportuna. La specie è altrimenti nota per le Baleari ed i Pirenei Or., stirpi affini crescono anche nell’Afr. Sett. e Pen. Iberica. Non va confusa con l’omonima [A. rothia subsp. cossyrensis] che è pianta diversa, vivente a Pantelleria.
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